经济学人词汇精选 Vol.014:inflammable 不是"不易燃"
本期主题:财政风险、犯罪治理与 AI 时代的认知焦虑。6 个词全部出自 2026 年 9 月 19 日刊,已对照历史词库去重。
本周核心词汇
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 难度 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| inflammable | /ɪnˈflæməbl/ | adj. | 易燃的;易激化的 | ★★★★ |
| fettle | /ˈfetl/ | n. | 状态;状况 | ★★★★ |
| louche | /luːʃ/ | adj. | 不正派的;可疑的 | ★★★★★ |
| collusion | /kəˈluːʒn/ | n. | 勾结;串通 | ★★★★ |
| predation | /prɪˈdeɪʃn/ | n. | 掠夺;侵害 | ★★★★★ |
| atrophy | /ˈætrəfi/ | v./n. | 萎缩;退化 | ★★★★ |
词汇详解
1. inflammable /ɪnˈflæməbl/
词性:adj.
释义:① 容易燃烧的;② (局势、情绪)容易被点燃、一触即发的。
原句:
But short-term debt and a volatile bond market make for an inflammable mix.
解析:
- 本义是”可燃的”,文中取比喻义:短期债务 + 波动的债市,两种因素叠加,局势随时可能”着火”。
- 词形上易踩坑:in- 在这里不是否定前缀,inflammable = flammable(易燃)。正因容易误解,公共安全标签上统一用 flammable。
- 与 mix 搭配(an inflammable mix of A and B)是评论文章写”风险叠加”的高频句式。
常见搭配:an inflammable mix of…;an inflammable situation / atmosphere
拓展例句:
A weak currency and angry voters are an inflammable mix for any government.
同义替换:combustible, volatile, explosive
2. fettle /ˈfetl/
词性:n.
释义:状态;状况(几乎只用于 in fine/good fettle 结构)。
原句:
Switzerland…is in fine fiscal fettle, with low debt, little inflation and bond yields that have correspondingly stayed low.
解析:
- in fine fettle 本义”状态极佳”,可指人的健康,也可指机构、经济的运行状况。
- fiscal fettle 是很地道的财经评论搭配,比 in good financial condition 简洁且有腔调。
- 原句后半 with low debt, little inflation… 是”总说 + 分述”的展开方式,写作可直接借用。
常见搭配:be in fine/good fettle;in fine fiscal fettle
拓展例句:
The bank entered the downturn in better fettle than its rivals.
同义替换:condition, shape, health
3. louche /luːʃ/
词性:adj.
释义:(人或场所、行为)显得不正经的、道德上可疑的。
原句:
Wise governments will respond with sounder budgeting; louche ones with financial shenanigans.
解析:
- 源自法语,自带一点”上流社会中的不体面”的意味,比 shady 更书面。
- 原句用 wise…; louche… 的对仗结构做政府分型,讽刺力强,值得整句背诵。
- 常与 financial shenanigans(财务把戏)连用。
常见搭配:a louche character / establishment / deal
拓展例句:
The deal had a louche air that made investors uneasy.
同义替换:shady, disreputable, dubious
4. collusion /kəˈluːʒn/
词性:n.
释义:秘密勾结、串通,通常带有违法或不正当含义。
原句:
A public inquiry has revealed staggering collusion between gangs, officials and senior police.
解析:
- 高频结构:collusion between A and B;in collusion with sb。
- 语境极广:犯罪调查(警匪勾结)、反垄断(企业串谋定价)、政治(里应外合)都能用。
- 形容词可用 staggering / widespread / alleged 修饰,staggering(骇人的)强化揭露感。
常见搭配:collusion between/with;in collusion with;alleged collusion
拓展例句:
Regulators found evidence of collusion between suppliers to fix prices.
同义替换:conspiracy, connivance, secret co-operation
5. predation /prɪˈdeɪʃn/
词性:n.
释义:① (生物)捕食;② 掠夺性侵害、敲骨吸髓式的盘剥。
原句:
South Africa is the seventh-most vulnerable country in the world to mafia predation.
解析:
- 本义是动物学里的”捕食行为”,用到社会语境就是把犯罪集团比作捕食者、把民众比作猎物,画面感和批判性都很强。
- 常见搭配:mafia / loan-shark / monopoly predation;be vulnerable to predation。
- 动词形式 prey on(The gangs prey on small businesses)可以对照记忆。
常见搭配:be vulnerable to predation;predation by/on…
拓展例句:
Better regulation is needed to stop predation by loan sharks.
同义替换:exploitation, plunder, victimisation
6. atrophy /ˈætrəfi/
词性:v./n.
释义:(肌肉、能力、制度因长期不用而)萎缩、退化。
原句:
Information technology causes the mind’s skills to atrophy in the sorts of ways that bothered Socrates.
解析:
- 医学本义是肌肉萎缩,引申义写技能、记忆、制度、公共服务的退化,是议论文的高分词。
- 原句埋了一个文化典故:苏格拉底在《斐德罗篇》里担忧文字的发明会摧毁人的记忆力——作者用它来类比今天对 AI 的担忧。
- 及物/不及物都可用:skills atrophy(不及物);the disease atrophies muscles(及物)。
常见搭配:muscles/skills atrophy;the atrophy of + 名词(the atrophy of public services)
拓展例句:
Without regular practice, analytical skills can atrophy.
同义替换:wither, deteriorate, waste away
速记卡片
| 单词 | 记忆技巧 |
|---|---|
| inflammable | flame(火焰)→ inflame(点燃)→ inflammable”能被点燃的”;别被 in- 骗了,它不是否定 |
| fettle | 直接记 in fine fettle = 状态正好,整体背 |
| louche | 音近 loose(松垮)→ 松垮到不体面、不正派 |
| collusion | col-(一起)+ lusion(玩弄):几个人暗中一起搞事 → 勾结 |
| predation | predator(掠食者)→ predation(捕食 → 掠夺) |
| atrophy | a-(无)+ trophy(营养)→ 失去滋养 → 萎缩 |
自测练习
选词填空
用 inflammable / fettle / louche / collusion / predation / atrophy 填空:
- Short-term debt and volatile markets are an ______ mix.
- The country is in fine fiscal ______.
- Investigators uncovered ______ between officials and gangs.
- The senator was known for his ______ financial dealings.
- Weak institutions leave small firms exposed to criminal ______.
- Skills can ______ when people rely too heavily on software.
同义替换
- shady → ______
- condition → ______
- conspiracy → ______
- deteriorate → ______
汉译英(用上本期词汇)
财政状况良好的政府不需要勒紧裤腰带。(提示:fettle)
查看答案
选词填空:1. inflammable 2. fettle 3. collusion 4. louche 5. predation 6. atrophy
同义替换:1. louche 2. fettle 3. collusion 4. atrophy
汉译英参考:
A government in fine fiscal fettle does not need to tighten its belt.
一句话带走
an inflammable mix of A and B —— 评论文章写「两种风险叠加、一触即发」的标准句式,写作里替换 risky situation 立刻上一个档次。